ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: In the western surgical tradition there has been little acknowledgement of the ancient Vedic surgeon Sushruta who initiated many aspects of surgical practice. In his compendium the Sushruta Samhita, Sushruta systematised medicine in various areas. His meticulous knowledge in many branches of medicine is evident. A brilliant surgeon, he developed plastic surgical techniques, types of bandaging, hygiene practices and over one hundred surgical instruments. In this article, I focus on Sushruta's ideas on human dissection as a pre-requisite for surgery, his method of preparation of human cadavers and his anatomical pedagogy. Sushruta pioneered the instruction of cadaveric based anatomical learning which is still being used in medical teaching.
RESUMEN: En la tradición quirúrgica occidental existe escaso reconocimiento del antiguo cirujano védico Sushruta, quien inició muchos aspectos de la práctica quirúrgica. En su compen-dio, el Sushruta Samhita, Sushruta sistematizó la medicina en varias áreas. Es evidente su meticuloso conocimiento en muchas ramas de la medicina. Cirujano brillante, desarrolló técnicas de cirugía plástica, tipos de vendajes, prácticas de higiene y más de cien instrumentos quirúrgicos. El enfoque de este artículo se centra en las ideas de Sushruta sobre la disección humana como requisito previo para la cirugía, su método de preparación de cadáveres humanos y su pedagogía anatómica. Sushruta fue pionero en la instrucción del aprendizaje anatómico basado en cadáveres que todavía se utiliza en la enseñanza médica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dissection/education , Anatomy/education , Surgical Procedures, Operative/education , Cadaver , Classification , Human Body , Dissection/history , Anatomy/history , IndiaABSTRACT
Sushrut Samhita Uttartantra is dealt with many important topics. Main surgical part is described in detail in Sushrut Samhita 1st part. Remaining all like Ophthalmology, ENT, gynaecology and Obstetrics, Paediatrics, Agadtantra, Tantrayukti, etc, are illustrated in detail in Uttar-Tantra. The thoughts of Sushruta of those days are observing true even today. The surgery regarding Cataract, he described, is followed by today’s Ophthalmic surgeon as he illustrated in Uttartantra 4000 years back. Also Sushruta described about how the life should be ideally live in the form of Dincharya, Ratricharya, Rutucharya, etc, and specific time of consuming of medicine for instant cure of diseases, are the unique and unparallel specialty of Uttartantra of Sushruta Samhita. Perfect time of taking food and water, quantity of taking food and water are also dealt with this topic very smoothly. Concept of Agni and applicability of seasonal regimen in the non-monsoon countries is another precious point of pride of Uttar-Tanra of Sushruta Samhita. Tantrayukti- is as a key to open the secrecy of meaning of the Sushruta Samhita. Tantrayukti makes easy to understand or digest the exact meaning of the Sushruta Samhita.
ABSTRACT
Ano-rectal disorders are on exponential growth in the population of mankind, with bleeding per anum as one of the main prodromal symptom. Just like the metabolic or lifestyle disorders namely diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ano-rectal disorders also owe their etiology to irregular & improper diet, sedentary lifestyle, prolonged sitting in inaccurate postures, improper bowel habits & also psychosocial factors. In Ayurveda, Sushruta has described it vividly in Arsha nidanam that those people suffering from Mandagni i.e., reduced digestive power which leads to Vata aggravation alone or in combination with other Dosas and manifests itself with symptoms like bleeding per anum, pain, irritation, discharge in the Guda. In modern science, excessive straining, increased abdominal pressure and hard stools are told to be the etiology of symptomatic haemorrhoids as these causes leads to increased venous engorgement of the haemorrhoidal plexus and cause of prolapse of haemorrhoidal tissue. Bleeding, thrombosis and symptomatic haemorrhoidal prolapse may result. Some of the ano-rectal disorders mentioned by Sushruta are Arsha, Parikartika, Bhagandara.
ABSTRACT
Ksharasutra is a medicated thread prepared by using plant based ingredients. The active ingredients are coated repeatedly on Barbour thread no 20 so that a required amount of drug gets adhered on the thread to achieve therapeutic value. Charaka mentioned Ksharasutra in the chapter of Sotha Chikitsa. Susruta mentioned its reference in Nadivrana Chikitsa. Vagvat had clearly mentioned along with Shastrakarma, Agnikarma and Ksharakarma. Chakradutta in Arshodikar clearly mentioned the idea of preparation of Ksharasutra with Snuhi Ksheera and Haridra Churna.As the name Ksharasutra itself suggest Kshara should also be one of the ingredients which was missing in the description of Chakradutta. Therefore, Kshara was added subsequently in the preparation of Ksharasutra at the department of Shalya Tantra BHU. Among the various types of Kshara, Apamarga Kshara was selected because of its better clinical efficacy, wider availability of raw material and higher yield of Kshara from the plant. Ksharasutra is a well established procedure in the management of Fistula in Ano with a high success rate. Although the standard Apamarga Ksharasutra is used successfully in the management of Fistula in Ano. Along with the advantages the standard Apamarga Ksharasutra creates many problems during preparation and application of thread. To overcome these problems various types of Ksharasutra research, preparation along with their standardization have been carried out. The research is based on searching for the drugs having better actions and acceptability than that of Snuhi Ksheera and Apamarga Kshara.